As such, the innovation could significantly reduce medication error resulting from intrinsic and extrinsic factors. BCMAs method was one of the proposed solutions to medication administration errors and to enhance patient safety measures. The incorporation of barcode technology with electronic medication administration record (e-MAR) had greatly improved the efficiency of the BCMA system. There was also a significant reduction in reported errors. It is evident in the researched journals that increased compliance was observed with appropriate guidance, processes and policies in place. Thus, an annotated literature review was conducted prior to the implementation of the innovation which analyzed various studies that elaborated on their study methods, data collection and analysis that deliberated on the advantages and disadvantages of barcode medication administration system. The purpose of the study was to evaluate BCMA and e-MAR usage outcomes, clinical practices, policies, and processes impacting nurses administering medications in the clinical environment using BCMA and e-MAR system. Prior to the adoption of BCMA and e-MAR, it was crucial to assess the impact of the new medication administration system and the rate of medication administration errors recorded, specifically those that resulted in harm. The pursuit for an appropriate system followed with the discovery of barcode medication administration system (BCMA) and electronic medication administration system (e-MAR). As such, collective data that were suggestive of increased medication errors that compromised patient safety initiated the exploration of methods that could reduce multifactorial human errors. Clinical innovations are ideations resulting from collective experiences that enhance the “norm” and embrace an avenue for change with an invention.
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